最終更新: 2026-07-12
ユダヤ教で「法外な価格での販売」は罪ですか？
簡単な答え
はい、ユダヤ教では「法外な価格での販売」は罪とされています。
IsItASin · 最終更新: 2026-07-12
はい、ユダヤ教では「法外な価格での販売」は罪とされています。 Leviticus 25:14 — 'If you make a sale to your neighbor or buy from your neighbor, you shall not wrong one another.'
ユダヤ教が「法外な価格での販売」について教えること
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ユダヤ教が「法外な価格での販売」について教えること
詳細な回答（英語） — 以下の詳細な分析は英語で提供されています。 英語の完全版を読む →
Judaism has the most legally developed anti-gouging tradition of the three. Ona'at mamon — monetary overreaching — is a direct Torah prohibition (Leviticus 25:14, 'you shall not wrong one another'), and the Mishnah quantified it: a sale is voidable when the deviation exceeds a sixth of fair value, with smaller deviations adjusted. But the rabbis went further for essentials, invoking profit caps — the Talmud (Bava Batra 90b) discusses limiting markups on staples like eggs, bread, and wine, and condemns those who destroy or withhold goods to raise prices. The market-cornering case is named: the gemara treats it under the prohibition of harming the public. Maimonides codifies court authority to regulate prices where sellers coerce the public. There is also the honor of God frame: Leviticus 25:17 pairs the prohibition with 'fear your God,' which Rashi reads as the hidden-heart clause — the verse catches the trader who schemes where no witness can see. Contemporary poskim apply ona'ah's categories to housing emergencies, wedding-industry pricing, and crisis supply: normal margins are commerce; necessity-targeted multiples are ona'ah, and the deed is voidable before a beit din.
トーラー／タルムード参考文献
- Leviticus 25:14 — 'If you make a sale to your neighbor or buy from your neighbor, you shall not wrong one another.'
- Leviticus 25:17 — 'You shall not wrong one another, but you shall fear your God.'
- Talmud, Bava Batra 90b — The court may regulate prices; profiteering in necessities is condemned.
あなたがすべきこと
以下の詳細な分析は英語で提供されています。
- Price for cost, risk, and honest demand — not for your customer's desperation.
- In a crisis, hold essentials near normal prices; the goodwill outlasts the margin.
- Jewish: Know ona'ah — overreach can void the sale, and staple-goods profiteering is condemned (Leviticus 25:14; Bava Batra 90b).
- All: If you gouged during an emergency, refunds or price corrections restore both customers and conscience.
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以下の詳細な分析は英語で提供されています。
Is it price gouging to charge more when my costs rise?
No — passing on genuine cost increases is honest pricing in all three traditions; gouging is exploitation of scarcity: multiples far beyond cost, on necessities, aimed at desperation.
No — passing on genuine cost increases is honest pricing in all three traditions; gouging is exploitation of scarcity: multiples far beyond cost, on necessities, aimed at desperation. Judaism's ona'ah measures deviation from fair value.
What about luxury goods or concert tickets?
Luxuries lack necessity, so the exploitation analysis weakens sharply — traditions permit discretionary pricing.
Luxuries lack necessity, so the exploitation analysis weakens sharply — traditions permit discretionary pricing. Still, deception (fake scarcity, bots) violates honesty rules in all three systems. Reselling essentials at multiples during emergencies is the clearest forbidden case.
Isn't high pricing just the market working?
Traditions affirm markets but bound them by justice: fair-price rules on staples, voided overreaching sales, and condemnation of necessity-as-leverage.
Traditions affirm markets but bound them by justice: fair-price rules on staples, voided overreaching sales, and condemnation of necessity-as-leverage. 'The market allowed it' is a legal defense, not a moral one — the scales still belong to God.
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