Última atualização: 2026-05-23
Matar em legítima defesa: é pecado no judaísmo?
Resposta rápida
Não — Matar em legítima defesa: Obrigatório segundo o judaísmo.
IsItASin · Última atualização: 2026-05-23
Não — Matar em legítima defesa: Obrigatório segundo o judaísmo. Talmud Sanhedrin 72a — 'If someone comes to kill you, kill him first.'
O que o judaísmo ensina sobre Matar em legítima defesa
Segundo o judaísmo, Matar em legítima defesa: Obrigatório.
A lei judaica não apenas permite, mas exige a autodefesa sob o princípio do pikuach nefesh (preservação da vida). Se alguém vem para matá-lo, você é obrigado a defender-se, mesmo que isso signifique matar o agressor.
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O que o judaísmo ensina sobre Matar em legítima defesa
Resposta completa (em inglês) — A análise detalhada abaixo está disponível em inglês. Ler a versão completa em inglês →
Jewish law is perhaps the most emphatic of the three traditions on self-defense. The Talmudic principle 'if someone comes to kill you, kill him first' (Sanhedrin 72a) is a binding legal obligation, not merely a permission. This derives from the broader principle of pikuach nefesh (saving a life), which overrides virtually all other commandments. Self-defense is not only allowed — it is a moral duty.
Referências Torá / Talmude
- Talmud Sanhedrin 72a — 'If someone comes to kill you, kill him first.'
- Exodus 22:1-2 — Self-defense at night is not punishable as murder.
- Leviticus 18:5 — 'You shall therefore keep my statutes... by which a man shall live.' — life preservation overrides other laws.
- Maimonides, Laws of Murder 1:9 — If a pursuer is coming to kill, you must save the potential victim, even by killing the pursuer.
O que você deveria fazer
A análise detalhada abaixo está disponível em inglês.
- Jewish: Pikuach nefesh (preserving life) is among the highest values in Jewish law. Self-defense is not merely excused — it is commanded when innocent life is at stake.
- All traditions: If you carry a weapon for self-defense, ensure you are trained, responsible, and prepared to use proportional force only as a last resort.
Repentance: Teshuvah
The Talmud teaches that teshuvah was created before the world itself — Hashem believed in your return before you were born. The gates of return are open now.
Begin Your Teshuvah — The Gates Are Open →Perguntas frequentes
A análise detalhada abaixo está disponível em inglês.
Is killing in self-defense considered murder?
No.
No. In all three Abrahamic traditions, killing in legitimate self-defense is distinguished from murder. Murder is the unjustified taking of innocent life. Self-defense protects innocent life from unjust aggression. The intent matters: self-preservation vs. malice.
What about 'turn the other cheek' (Matthew 5:39)?
Scholars debate this passage.
Scholars debate this passage.
How much force is allowed in self-defense?
All three traditions emphasize proportionality.
All three traditions emphasize proportionality. You may use the minimum force necessary to neutralize the threat. Excessive force — continuing to attack after the threat is neutralized — would be sinful. The goal is to stop the threat, not to punish.
What if I could have fled instead of fighting?
Jewish law also prefers avoiding confrontation if there is a safe alternative.
Jewish law also prefers avoiding confrontation if there is a safe alternative. However, none require retreat if it would leave others in danger.
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