Gestação por substituição: é haram?

Islam's prohibition of surrogacy is one of modern fiqh's firmest rulings, built on a hadith of lineage: 'the child is for the bed' (al-walad lil-firash) — maternity and paternity attach to the marriage within which a child is conceived and born. Surrogacy scrambles that architecture at its joints: a child borne by one woman for another's marriage severs birth from the marital bed, and Islamic law — which protects lineage (nasab) as one of the five essential interests of the Sharia — prohibits it even when the egg is the intended mother's own: the majority position holds the bearing woman is the mother, full stop, and no contract can reassign that. The International Islamic Fiqh Academy's resolutions name surrogacy among the prohibited assisted-reproduction forms. There are additional layers: the potential for milk-kinship complications (a surrogate becomes the child's mother, affecting future marriageability rules), and the exploitation concern that runs through the tradition's protection of the vulnerable — commercial wombs in poor countries are exactly the trade Islamic economics refuses to bless. The Islamic redirection: permitted fertility treatment within the marriage, and adoption in the form of kafala — sponsorship and care without falsified lineage.